The purpose of the PhD thesis is to examine the impact of structural reforms of the product market, labor market and quality of governance in OECD economies using annual panel data from 1990 to 2019. Τhe losses caused by the financial crisis has created the need to build more sustainable and resilient economies. Reforms modify the structure of an economy by changing the institutional and regulatory framework within businesses and individuals operate. They are designed to ensure that the economy is fit and capable to achive its maximum potential. A first objective is to determine the short- to medium-term effects of the reforms on macroeconomic variables such as productivity, employment rate and growth taking into account the macroeconomic policies and conditions. A second objective is to examine whether they can enhance economic resilience by accelerating the recovery after negative macroeconomic shocks. Last obejective is to examine their long-term effects in the context of dynamic stohastic general equilibrium models.